Undocumented workers in the United States

The book ‘working in the shadows’ written by Gabriel Thomson is more of a documentary of the experiences that, undocumented workers whose greatest percentage comprises of immigrants goes through. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Undocumented workers in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Undocumented workers refer to the illegal immigrants seeking employment in the US. The idea to write this book as brought about by an article ‘Crackdown Upends Slaughterhouses Workforce’ written in 2007 by labor correspondent Steven Green house and published in the New York Times. It was a documentation of how difficult it was for Smithfield foods to secure a stable workforce in its slaughter house in North Carolina due to constant raids by immigration agents. This was quite a challenge to the immigrants working in the slaughter house forcing them to quit their jobs to avoid such constant harassment and for their safety. Gabriel Thomson then decided to take up the burden and work behind the shadows in order to get first hand information concerning the experiences of these undocumented workers. He personally took up his first job in a lettuce field which was rather challenging for him, first because the tasks were tough and secondly, the constant questions from his colleagues who never understood why a white man was working in such an odd job. It was a difficult moment for Thomson since the workload was tough and it was even more difficult to record his findings since it could only be possible during their short breaks and again, it was private. Undocumented immigrant workers have very challenging working life in the United States. They are among the most vulnerable and exploited workers in the nation, constantly going through labor law violations. For instance, they are frequent victims of unpaid wages, discrimination, undesirable working conditions and uncompensa ted work place injuries. They perform duties which ordinary Americans, due their pride and status won’t ever perform. Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their jobs are quite dangerous, grueling, mind-numbing and very undesirable. Those who attempt to voice their opinions over the hardships they go through mainly face physical and immigration related threats and retaliations. There is an estimated 9.3 million undocumented workers in the United States, which is about 26% of all immigrants in the United States. This report is based upon a survey and other date samples collected by 2002. Among them, 57% are Mexicans, 23% originate from other Latin countries, 10% from Asia, 5% from Europe and Canada while the other 5% come from the rest of the world. The growth rate of undocumented workers has been quite high. They comprises of around 5% of the workforce in the US whereby aroun d 96% of men and 62% of women are working, which is far much higher than the natives. This is because contrary to the Americans who may either be disabled, retired or in school, most undocumented immigrants males are young and energetic and women are in child bearing age that are more likely to bear children than the natives. However, undocumented immigrants earn considerably less than working Americans. According to Thomson, there is no such a thing as immigrant job since during his year of survey, he realized that even Americans were well versed with these jobs but only the poor could do them since they had much in common with the immigrants. However, US born citizens were not allowed in some shady jobs like in the lettuce fields and the immigrants were assigned the most strenuous, dangerous and worst paid positions whereby they faced constant abuse from the management. Furthermore, they received poverty line wages, they are often victims of racism, they live under worst conditi ons, and are often harassed by the police. It is important for all workers including the undocumented immigrants to know that they are protected under the basic federal and state employment and labor laws. In actual sense, undocumented workers pay more in taxes than they receive in services. A study carried out by the government in 1975 ‘illegal aliens’, by the department of labor showed that 77% paid social security taxes while 75% paid federal income taxes. However, their employers chose not to report the money which ends up in their pockets. Unfortunately, they rarely get such services as welfare benefits, food stamps, unemployment compensation, and their children in public schools among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Undocumented workers in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The illegal status of undocumented workers in the United States has made it very difficult to ach ieve the American dream of climbing the social ladder, security of life and liberty as well as social security entitled to all American residents. They are often forced to take up odd jobs and unfavorable labor conditions thus making life quite challenging for them. There is so much in common between the working poor in America and the undocumented immigrant a worker according to the Ehrenreich’s and Thomson’s study. They are equally ignored in the stump speeches of politicians, thus they lack a sense of political solidarity, and their wages have denied them the opportunity to achieve the American dream, the work on odd jobs which Americans cannot do regardless of the pay among others. They live in very poor conditions, at times far away from their families and are often harassed by their employers and the police. In conclusion, life is quite challenging for undocumented workers in the United States since their status force them to take up any form of income to earn a living due o fears of facing the arm of the government which may even include deportation or imprisonment. Most Americans treat them this way since they take them as parasites who live off welfare and who cause unemployment by taking up jobs which would otherwise be serving the Americans. This essay on Undocumented workers in the United States was written and submitted by user Madilyn C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Civilization the Romans Essays

Civilization the Romans Essays Civilization the Romans Essay Civilization the Romans Essay Ancient Rome civilization is one of the classical antiquities beside ancient Greece. It grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula 10th century BC. It cantered on city of Rome and located along the Mediterranean Sea. It became one of the largest empires in the ancient world. Body Law Ancient Romans had developed an excellent law system. Until the end of the 18th century, most of Western Europe used this legal system. The root of Romans Law is called Twelve Tables. Today, Roman law is no longer applied in legal practice. However, Roman law is indispensable to understand the legal systems of today. Language Latin was the native language if the Romans. It was an Italic language the grammar relies little on word order, conveying meaning through a system of affixes attached to word stems. Its alphabet was based on the Etruscan alphabet, which was in turn based on the Greek alphabet. It consists almost entirely of Classical Latin. Roman Empire spoken language was Vulgar Latin, which significantly differed from Classical Latin in grammar and vocabulary, and eventually in pronunciation. Technology The Romans had impressive technological. The most outstanding parts are Romans civil engineering and military engineering. Romans use those technologies to construction hundreds of roads, bridge, aqueducts, baths, theatres and arenas. Even today, Colosseum, Pont du Gard, and Pantheon, still remain as testaments to Romans engineering and culture. Conclusion Ancient Rome civilization contributed greatly to the development of law, language and technology in the Western world and its history continues to have a major influence on the world today. The Roman civilization was one of the greatest civilizations in ancient world and it has major impacts on the world today.

Corporate Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Law - Assignment Example The rights include voting during the election of the directors, amending corporate bylaws as well as articles of incorporation and participating in annual meetings associated with the stockholders. Besides, the other fundamental rights of the minority shareholders include voting on a few selected corporate events which include liquidation of the business entity, mergers or sale of assets, calling special meetings of the stockholders and scrutinizing the books, records as well as the lists of the shareholders. It is in this context that with the majority shareholders holding a strong position in a company, in frequent instances, disagreements between the majority and the minority shareholders have been identified in the modern business context. The disagreements have been mostly regarding the exclusion of the minority shareholders from management participation, disproportionate allocation of shares and withholding of dividends with profits among others (1). In this discussion, a detai led analysis of the problems concerned with the rights held by minority shareholders, playing vital role causing potential disagreements amid the members of both majority as well as minority shareholders, will be taken into concern. Moreover, the different statutory remedies which are available to the minority shareholders in order to deal with situations where the majority shareholders misuse their power or breach their duties will also be portrayed in the discussion. A Brief Analysis of the Scenario The minority shareholders are often acknowledged as institutional investors among different business entities who play a limited function in influencing the background of corporate governance construction. This is majorly due to the fact that the presence of the majority shareholders within a business firm owing the rights to partially control its decision making process often facilitates significant sources of conflicts affecting the interests of the minority shareholders (2). However , it is worth mentioning in this regard that the minority shareholders posses certain rights which may be accessible in accordance to any ‘state close corporation laws’. These rights generally include amending corporate by-laws, voting during the election of the directors and organizing as well as managing annual meetings related with the shareholders among others as mentioned in the articles of association and memorandum. Despite, it has often been observed that the minority shareholders or the institutional investors find it to be quite challenging to exercise the aforementioned rights in a smooth way witnessing minimum disruptions. This is simply because the majority shareholders tend to dominantly control the business operations as they bear large proportion or percentage of shares along with various decision making rights concerning the corporate governance structure of the particular entity. As the majority shareholders possess maximum quantity of shares (i.e. mor e than 50% of the total equity shares), it has been viewed that the interests of minority shareholders are being oppressed by several means. In this similar context, the different ways which contribute towards the oppression of the minority s

Teamwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Teamwork - Essay Example Teamwork In organizations in which cohesiveness is present within team settings the members of the team display greater motivation. These employees value the time they spend with their co-workers. There is a lower employee turnover and lower absenteeism in companies with cohesive team units. A cohesive team unit is not achieved overnight; it takes time for employees to build trust in each other. It is more likely to cohesiveness to manifest itself when group members are similar in age, attitudes, needs and backgrounds (Schermerhorn, et al. 2003, p.202). Another factor that is favorable to achieve cohesiveness is to creating small size teams. The optimum size of a team is between four and seven members (Yeatts & Hyten, 1998). When a group is too big it becomes difficult to the member to build close relationships with each other, thus cohesiveness is harder to achieve. Creating cohesiveness within a team is important, but from an organizational perspective cohesiveness is only attractive if it enables the firm to a higher work performance. A way to determine if cohesiveness is adding value to a company is by measuring the match of cohesiveness with performance norms. If a specific work team has a high degree of cohesiveness, but the performance of the team has not improved over time or has declined then it is possible that cohesiveness is having a negative impact on the work output of the team unit.

Nurses in Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Nurses in Politics - Essay Example It costs the health care system approximately $400 million every year. In connection with these reasons, CMS argued that â€Å"patients often have a urinary catheter longer than necessary,† making majority of them developing urinary tract infection that was not meant to happen (Fox, Kaye & Urman, 2012). As introduced above, UTI is one of the facilities that are highly used in hospitals. There are other many other facilities in health care system that when not used appropriately may result in patients acquiring preventable conditions from hospitals. As a result of the cost associated with the hospital facilities such as UTIs as well as hospital infections such as the urinary infections that result from having the urinary catheter for many days, CMS recommended the evaluation of patients in every shift so as to determine whether a particular facility is of necessity to the patient (Vincent,

Challenges Faced by Teachers

Challenges Faced by Teachers Availability of resources for the students with literacy difficulties While most of the participants didnt have clear views about this question, the teacher brought to light the necessity to include i-pads and laptop to support SEN students (APPENDIX 3). In the researchers notes, there are some points made like, The only essential support for the students is obviously the teacher. Teaching assistants are consumed in the behaviour management of the class and it is a luxury for a student to receive prolonged support during the lesson. Obviously, there is no computer program that is supporting students currently. It is the teachers responsibility to improvise and provide his own resources for the students (APPENDIX 1). Availability of Time and Support There has been a recognition by one teacher that it is very challenging to completely focus their attention only to dyslexic students during the lesson, due to the lack of time and assistance. Classroom assistance specifically for dyslexic students is really a luxury that no school could afford, which could save (APPENDIX 3). Also, in researchers notes is stated that, The assistants help in the delivery of the lesson could save me time to support more efficiently the dyslexic students (APPENDIX 1). Differentiation Differentiation, based on the Training and Development Agency for Schools, is the process by which differences between learners are accommodated so that all students in a group have the best possible learning (Barlett, 2016, p.5). Differentiation can be met by using a variety of resources, tasks, groupings, outcomes and support for the students (Barlett, 2016). The evidence from the interviews suggests that a wide range of support is provided for dyslexic students. However, the researcher felt that, It is very difficult to plan and differentiate the lesson for every single student, and as a trainee, it is for me particularly difficult to find time in explaining the lesson to the teaching assistant(TA), which can lead to questions on whether responses from participants were actually realistic (APPENDIX 1). Training of the Staff All the participants commented that they received sufficient training to support the SEN students in the school. The SENDCO argued that schools staff are receiving continuous training to ensure that they know how to support the later, in all circumstances. Specifically, the staff know how to be looking specifically at key words, how to teach key words to students, how to check their knowledge, how to ask the students to create paragraphs, how to tap into the reading and support reading. Also, they are trained to be looking very carefully and do marking for spelling (APPENDIX 6). Co-Curricular Activities in School SENDCO made clear there are multiple activities that are designed to help dyslexic students including, enrichment activities, extra-curriculum activities, activities that include homework clubs, that can aid students who are not able to do independently their homework. She argued that, SEN students are always welcome to attend these weekly activities and be benefited (APPENDIX 6). However, there was a point raised by one Teaching Assistant stating that additional support can be provided. She argued that it would be wise for the school to make a greater effort in making Disabled and non-disabled learners learning together as this will help create new opportunities to build relationships (APPENDIX 5). Individual Learning Plan (IEP) To produce an effective IEP for students, it is crucial for parents, students and school staff should actively collaborate to investigate in depth the needs of the students and plan a strategy that will support the students effectively (NCSE, 2010). However, one of the major concerns from parents is that during the meeting with professionals their views are not usually highly regarded by the later (Pinkus, 2005). Except the fact that parents are being communicated about the inclusion practices of the school, in SENDCOs interview, evidence suggest that parents are not actively participating in the decision-making and assessment process. Therefore, including parents more in the decision-making process, would be of key importance. The profiles of the 2 selected students for observation The selection of the two students was mainly based on the fact the they were being taught by the researcher of this study. The researcher came in contact and consulted the class teachers and teaching assistants that were supporting him during his placement to discuss and ask permission for discussions that would specifically focus of these two SEN students. The 2 students had similar special educational needs and their names have been changed to ensure anonymity. Oliver is a boy in year eight who has difficulties with spoken language and retaining information (memory). Kelly is a girl in year eight, who has a mild learning disability, presenting many of the symptoms associated with Dyslexia. More information can be found in Appendix 7. Limitations The study was conducted during a 3-month period, from October to December 2016. As it has been mentioned in section 3.2 there has been a limitation of time, resulting in the reduction of the sample tank. Moreover, time restrictions led the researcher to the selection of only two students with similar needs. In addition, Jupp characterises the sampling technique of Opportunity Sampling, as the weakest sampling method. It is argued that the selection of the participants is considered as biased and is not accurately representing the actual, real world results (Jupp, 2006). Considering Reflexivity as stated in section 3, the researchers stay in his placement school along with his personal attributes, gave him the opportunity to select and interview only those four participants. Consequently, researchers subjectivity is acknowledged in the collection and interpretation of the data, as well as the discussion of the results. In general, findings are linking closely to the existing literature. The interviews are showing that staff is confident towards the inclusion policy of the school for the dyslexic students. However, the school can become more inclusive. Most the interviewees expressed the necessity for further assistance inside the classrooms and for further provision of resources. In addition, the researcher identified that there are severe time limitations for the teachers regarding lesson planning and differentiation. Therefore, there should be provided sufficient funding from the local authorities and government. Also, stronger links between teachers, teaching assistants, supporting staff and parents should be established. Last but not least, critical role to this venture should play the schools proactive leadership.

Memorial Hall in Philadelphia :: Architecture History

Memorial Hall The massive domed building in Fairmont Park, Philadelphia, is the only major structure remaining from the Centennial Exhibition in 1876. Memorial Hall served as the Art Gallery for the fair and was designed to become a permanent museum. The building was commissioned and paid for by the State of Pennsylvania and the city of Philadelphia. The budgeted amount for the hall was $1,500,000 and it cost just $64,000 more than planned. Although smaller than other major buildings at the 1876 fair, Memorial Hall is massive. Its footprint takes up an acre and a half. It is 365 by 210 feet, and 59 feet tall, with a 150-foot dome sitting on top. Below the building is a 12-foot deep basement. Perched atop the dome is a statue of Columbia standing 23 feet 6 inches tall. Three arched doorways each 15 feet wide and 40 feet high mark the entrance to the hall. The doors of the archways are made of iron and have bronze panels with reliefs of the coat of arms of each state and territory. The United States coat of arms is in the center. Between the arches are two clustered columns crowned with small statuettes symbolizing Science and Art. Around the base of the dome are four statues, set on the corners, representing Commerce, Industry, Mining, and Agriculture. The main entrance opens to a hall 82 feet deep, 60 feet wide, and 53 feet high. From this room three doors lead into the central hall, which is 83 feet square with a ceiling raised to 80 feet under the dome. To either side of the central hall are the main galleries, each measuring 98 by, 84 feet, and 35 feet high. When the temporary dividers are removed and the galleries join the main hall, they create what was at the time the largest hall in the country. This combined hall can be 287 feet long, by 85 feet wide, enough to hold 8,000 people. Above the hall is a grand balcony promenade 275 feet long and 45 feet wide, from which one can overlook the beautiful northern quadrant. Overall the building provides 75,000 square feet of wall surface for paintings and 20,000 of floor space for sculptures. Raised on a six-foot platform overlooking the Schuylkill River, Memorial Hall housed the first international art exhibit in the United States. Participating countries contributed so many works that even this massive structure could not showcase them all.

The Best Ideas Arise from a Passionate Interest in Commonplace Things

The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things Mankind has demonstrated a profound ability to draw inspiration from even the most mundane situations and surroundings. Throughout history, the commonplace has often spurred uncommon achievements for impassioned thinkers including Archimedes, Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton. In modern times, the scientific community increasingly gleans groundbreaking ideas from the natural world in the emerging field of biomimicry.Archimedes’ eureka moment in the bath is the stuff of legend, but it is unlikely the great mathematician and inventor would have delivered the famed remark without pursuing his profound interest in hydrodynamics and the intertwined relationships of buoyancy and displacement. On one hand, water was (and remains) a ubiquitous presence for the seafaring Greeks. Likewise, anyone who has watched a child in the bathtub can relate to the simple joys it affords.Archimedes eponymous principle, however, t ook a natural interest in water and floating bodies several steps further to determine whether a crown was made of solid gold and better define the laws of physics. Leonardo da Vinci, the archetypal Renaissance Man, was unquestionably inspired by commonplace things throughout his feverishly productive life. One must look no further than the genius’s manuscripts and notebooks for evidence that da Vinci was intensely curious about some of the world’s most ordinary elements.Studies of the human body, certainly among the most familiar of forms, are likely the master’s most replicated composition. Perhaps it is no coincidence the Italian’s Vitruvian Man pen-and-ink sketch ranks among the most well-known and reproduced drawings in the world. Whether Leonardo’s passion and interest in reproducing the human body contributed to his other innovations and inventions beyond art is difficult to assess, but one thing is certain: da Vinci’s unquenchable th irst for knowledge of his earthly surroundings was inextricably tied to his ability to transform the ordinary into the extraordinary.The unlikely course of events that lead Isaac Newton to formulate the theory of gravity offers an example of a revolutionary idea spurred by something as banal as a piece of fruit. â€Å"What is the invisible force that causes an apple to fall to the ground? † the great thinker wondered. While some have disputed the veracity of Newton’s apple incident, there is no doubting the role the everyday world played in conjunction with Newton’s observant and contemplative mind.While the laws of motion took years to fully devise and compose, there is perhaps no better illustration of the nascent brilliance the human mind is capable of revealing when awakened by the natural elements. Many of the world’s leading contemporary minds continue to find inspiration in their environs. Over the last decade, the scientific community has become m ore willing to turn to nature for answers to difficult questions. As it turns out, potentially outstanding ideas have often been tested and confirmed or rejected by the flora and fauna all around us through natural selection, according to pioneers in the biomimicry field.Proponents of biomimicry have studied humpback whale flippers as a means to improve wind turbine performance and plant leaves as a model for â€Å"green cleaning† process that some paints and building materials now incorporate. Clearly there is much still to be learned from nature. It has been a long time coming, but it appears many in the world are prepared to accept that the best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things. Perhaps necessity is not the true mother of invention – history demonstrates that inquiring minds and Mother Nature herself more often inspire greatness.

The Eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815

The Eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 The tremendous eruption of Mount Tambora in April 1815 was the most powerful volcanic eruption of the 19th century. The eruption and the tsunamis it triggered killed tens of thousands of people. The magnitude of the explosion itself is difficult to fathom. It has been estimated that Mount Tambora stood approximately 12,000 feet tall before the 1815 eruption when the top third of the mountain was completely obliterated. Adding to the disasters massive scale, the huge amount of dust blasted into the upper atmosphere by the Tambora eruption contributed to a bizarre and highly destructive weather event the following year. The year 1816 became known as ​the year without a summer. The disaster on the remote island of Sumbawa in the Indian Ocean has been overshadowed by the eruption of the volcano at Krakatoa decades later, partly because the news of Krakatoa traveled quickly via telegraph. Accounts of the Tambora eruption were considerably rarer, yet some vivid ones do exist. An administrator of the East India Company, Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles, who was serving as governor of Java at the time, published a striking account of the disaster based on written reports he had collected from English traders and military personnel. Beginnings of the Mount Tambora Disaster The island of Sumbawa, home to Mount Tambora, is located in present-day Indonesia. When the island was first discovered by Europeans, the mountain was thought to be an extinct volcano. However, about three years before the 1815 eruption, the mountain seemed to come to life. Rumblings were felt, and a dark smoky cloud appeared atop the summit. On April 5, 1815, the volcano began to erupt. British traders and explorers heard the sound and at first thought it to be the firing of cannon. There was a fear that a sea battle was being fought nearby. The Massive Eruption of Mount Tambora On the evening of April 10, 1815, the eruptions intensified, and a massive major eruption began to blow the volcano apart. Viewed from a settlement about 15 miles to the east, it seemed that three columns of flames shot into the sky. According to a witness on an island about 10 miles to the south, the entire mountain appeared to turn into liquid fire. Stones of pumice more than six inches in diameter began to rain down on neighboring islands. Violent winds propelled by the eruptions struck settlements like ​hurricanes, and some reports claimed that the wind and sound-triggered small earthquakes. Tsunamis emanating from the island of Tambora destroyed settlements on other islands, killing tens of thousands of people. Investigations by modern-day archaeologists have determined that an island culture on Sumbawa was completely wiped out by the Mount Tambora eruption. Written Reports of Mount Tamboras Eruption As the eruption of Mount Tambora occurred before communication by telegraph, accounts of the cataclysm were slow to reach Europe and North America. The British governor of Java, Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles, who was learning an enormous amount about the native inhabitants of the local islands while writing his 1817 book History of Java, collected accounts of the eruption. Raffles began his account of the Mount Tambora eruption by noting the confusion about the source of the initial sounds: The first explosions were heard on this Island in the evening of the 5th of April, they were noticed in every quarter, and continued at intervals until the following day. The noise was in the first instance almost universally attributed to distant cannon; so much so, that a detachment of troops were marched from Djocjocarta [a nearby province] in the expectation that a neighboring post was attacked. And along the coast boats were in two instances dispatched in quest of a supposed ship in distress. After the initial explosion was heard, Raffles said it was supposed that the eruption was no greater than other volcanic eruptions in that region. But he noted that on the evening of April 10 extremely loud explosions were heard and large amounts of dust began to fall from the sky. Other employees of the East India Company in the region were directed by Raffles to submit reports about the aftermath of the eruption. The accounts are chilling. One letter submitted to Raffles describes how, on the morning of April 12, 1815, no sunlight was visible at 9 a.m. on a nearby island. The sun had been entirely obscured by volcanic dust in the atmosphere. A letter from an Englishman on the island of Sumanap described how, on the afternoon of April 11, 1815, by four oclock it was necessary to light candles. It remained dark until the next afternoon. About two weeks after the eruption, a British officer sent to deliver rice to the island of Sumbawa made an inspection of the island. He reported seeing numerous corpses and widespread destruction. Local inhabitants were becoming ill, and many had already died of hunger. A local ruler, the Rajah of Saugar, gave his account of the cataclysm to British officer Lieutenant Owen Phillips. He described three columns of flames arising from the mountain when it erupted on April 10, 1815. Apparently describing the lava flow, the Rajah said the mountain started to appear like a body of liquid fire, extending itself in every direction. The Rajah also described the effect of the wind unleashed by the eruption: Between nine and ten p.m. ashes began to fall, and soon after a violent whirlwind ensued, which blew down nearly every house in the village of Saugar, carrying the tops and light parts along with it. I n the part of Saugar adjoining [Mount Tambora] its effects were much more violent, tearing up by the roots the largest trees and carrying them into the air together with men, houses, cattle, and whatever else came within its influence. This will account for the immense number of floating trees seen at sea. The sea rose nearly twelve feet higher than it had ever been known to be before, and completely spoiled the only small spots of rice lands in Saugar, sweeping away houses and every thing within its reach. Worldwide Effects of the Mount Tambora Eruption Though it would not be apparent for more than a century, the eruption of Mount Tambora contributed to one of the worst weather-related disasters of the 19th century. The following year, 1816, became known as the Year Without a Summer. The dust particles blasted into the upper atmosphere from Mount Tambora were carried by air currents and spread across the world. By the fall of 1815, eerily colored sunsets were being observed in London. And the following year the weather patterns in Europe and North America changed drastically. While the winter of 1815 and 1816 was fairly ordinary, the spring of 1816 turned odd. Temperatures did not rise as expected, and very cold temperatures persisted in some places well into the summer months. Widespread crop failures caused hunger and even famine in some places. The eruption of Mount Tambora thus may have caused widespread casualties on the opposite side of the world.

The Age of Hyperspecialization

The Age of Hyperspecialization In their article, Thomas Malone, Robert Laubacher and Tammy Johns discuss such a concept as hyperspecialization. This term can be defined as breaking or decomposing the work that is usually performed by a single person into separate elements or pieces. Moreover, these pieces should be done by two or more people.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Age of Hyperspecialization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors believe that this approach can greatly increase the performance of many businesses. In my opinion, this question is very important nowadays when business administrators try to find ways of raising the productivity of their firms, especially manufacturers. Moreover, this question can have significant implications for employees who want to find work that suits their interests or expertise. The discussion presented by the scholars is based on the model of comparative advantage that originates from the ide as of Adam Smith. This theoretical model implies that individuals and groups are more likely to succeed, if they are engaged in the activities in which they are most skilled. Furthermore, the authors rely on such a concept as the division of labor which means that by dividing the manufacturing process into several short tasks that should be completed by several workers. From their standpoint, the principles of labor division can be applied to many modern companies in which employees do not have an opportunity to display their expertise. These are the main arguments that the scholars put forward and they should not be neglected by managers and executives. One should take into consideration that the authors of this article do not claim that their idea of hyperspecialization is entirely innovative. As it has been said before, they recognize the influence of Adam Smith on their discussion. Nevertheless, they want to show that many firms can benefit from hyperspecialization. This issue i s particularly relevant at the time when information technologies have become extremely sophisticated. Business administrators can do it by enabling workers to do the jobs that they can do best. They justify their recommendation by investigating the use of this method by different firms. The authors rely mostly on the qualitative information collected from several companies. Their research technique can be described as a case study. The scholars paid close attention to the opinions of managers who applied the principles of hyperspecialization. Furthermore, they examined the views of clients who used the services of companies in which the principles of hyperspecialization were fully implemented. This approach enabled them to look at this issue from different perspectives.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One should keep in mind that the researchers did not carry out statistical tests which could confirm the relationship between the productivity of a firm and the manufacturing technique that this organization adopted. Moreover, their sample of companies was very limited. This is the main limitation of this research article. Certainly, this drawback does not completely undermine the arguments of the authors. However, it indicates that the findings of these scholars cannot be generalized. On the whole, the findings presented in the article suggest that hyperspecialization can improve the operational efficiency of businesses because it enables people to focus on those tasks in which they are most competent. Nevertheless, the scholars acknowledge the drawbacks of this strategy since it can result in the lack of coordination, disappearance of many jobs, and increased supervision of workers. Nevertheless, despite these risks, hyperspecialization can be viewed as one of the techniques that can increase the productivity of many companies.

Pop Art and modern popular culture Research Paper

Pop Art and modern popular culture - Research Paper Example The new pop art broke taboos which were experienced in the traditional western culture. It is no wonder pop art criticized the traditional art. In that case, the young people were the ones mostly involved with pop art as a new identity, different from the relatively old people. Pop art became popular with the young musicians who had the artistic of the time create covers for their music (Osterwold 8). Robert Rauschenberg's is quoted stating he had never seen a beautiful art as the Marcel Duchamp’s urinal art which the painter named the retina art. The idea was to capture the attention of the people in the Armory Show in New York in 1917. The art captured the attention of many including Robert Rauschenberg who vowed to continue with pop art. Rauschenberg worked very hard with pop art especially in the 1950s contributing to its popularity. Other artists credited for pop art in the 1950s are Andy Warhol, and Jim Dine. These artists used different styles some using modern styles o f the time and others using traditional art styles especially Rauschenberg and Dine who incorporated prints and collage into their styles. Robert Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol and Jim Dine focused a lot on the pop art in the early 1950s and turned the tables round this time. Many people appreciated the pop art as stated above. The number of pop art artifacts grew from just 10,000 to more than 4 million in a span of one decade. These artists worked in the neo-dada times and seemed to know just how to make pop art work. A few years later, other pop artists who focused on modern methods for example camera photographs came up and are known as photorealist. The main objective of this art is to capture realist imagery using art. These artists used two different photographs one with limited depth of field and another with good field depth and combined them to make one painting (Desmond 13). Characteristics of Pop Art Art was not appreciated by the society and many artists were concerned that t he comments that art was ending could hold grounds soon or later. However, Pop art which became popular in the 1950s and the 1960s changed all that (Osterwold 6). Many people appreciated art and its influence became more than it would have been thought (Osterwold 6). Pop art is different from other art in that it is realist but based on the photographs which are used

The importance of addressing corrections to a group of students Essay

The importance of addressing corrections to a group of students quickly and in a matter-of-fact fashion - Essay Example One of the main features of the good pedagogical procedures is giving feedback to the students. The teacher has to create an environment conducive to offering feedback. The class should be interactive and the teacher should encourage questioning from students. Good pedagogical measures deals in correcting the faults of the students. When faced with a big class the teacher can employ different tactics to deal in correctional methods. One of the most effective ways is to do daily reviews. This requires solving problems by recollecting the teachings of the previous class. The problems, if any, regarding the previous lessons are solved. Another effective way is providing homework lessons. Through the homework lessons, the problems regarding understanding can be solved. Class participation from the students can solve the problems regarding the lessons. The main motive for feedback strategies is to make the students understand the lesson and correct the deficiencies if any. (Teaching functions, n.d. pp 3-4) Reteaching: Reteaching is the process of teaching the lesson repetatively. The process is applied when the students do not get the essence of the lesson and there is room for improvement. With the help of the process the teachers can assure that, the student understands the lesson well. Improvement of instruction: Students may not be comfortable with the mode of instruction and this could hamper the understanding. Therefore, it is the duty of the teachers to understand the problem and employ techniques to improve the mode of instruction. Co-operative learning: Co-operation among the class is very important for the correctional measures of the students. The students should be divided in groups and activities relating to the lesson should be encouraged. Working in groups can help the students to overcome deficiencies in a particular area. (Miller, 11th February, 2009) Whole class